For most fish, the world is a dangerous place. They are constantly at risk of being eaten at all stages of their lives. In response to predation, fish have evolved many different kinds of...
Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) are underwater plants that grow in shallow water and do not emerge above the surface. These areas are important nurseries for juvenile fish and provide refuge for smaller species of...
Mangrove forests connect the land and the ocean in many coastal areas throughout the world (Figure 1). They are estimated to cover over 75,000 square miles (19.4 km2) of coastline globally and contribute a...
Stream restoration projects typically increase the complexity of stream habitat. At their most basic, restoration projects add materials such as boulders and tree root wads to the streambed that slow down the water and...
Round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) are a small bottom dwelling species of goby native to the Black and Caspian Sea regions of Eastern Europe (Figure 1). Although they are best known in North America as...
Due to degraded habitat and poor water quality throughout North America, stream restoration projects are becoming increasingly widespread. These projects frequently focus on restoring riparian and stream habitat, stabilizing streambanks to reduce erosion, and...
Many people take for granted their ability to control lighting conditions with the flick of a switch. In major cities almost every corner of every street is illuminated, even in the middle of the...
The oceans are warming, with the most dramatic warming occurring at the poles. Temperature is a key factor for all ectothermic animals, including many fish. The internal body temperature of ectotherms matches that of...
The author would like to extend a special thank you to Avery Paxton for providing quotes, pictures, and video links that enriched the content of this post. Artificial reefs come in a variety of...
Hydroelectric power is one of the cleanest energy sources available. Washington State is the United States’ leading producer of hydroelectric power, which generates about 75% of the State’s energy. Although it is a renewable...
