In general, larger animals have larger brains, and smaller animals have smaller brains. This trend also holds true for fish. The brain is involved in nearly every bodily function, but its primary role is...
Urban wastewater is a major source of aquatic pollution. Waste is treated before being released to the environment, but the degree of treatment varies between facilities. Generally, the treatment process follows a few key...
Redside Dace (Clinostomus elongatus; Figure 1) are a small, vibrant and endangered minnow found in streams feeding the Mississippi River Drainage, Great Lakes Basin, Ohio River, upper Susquehanna River and parts of Southern Ontario,...
Cooperation is an evolutionary paradox. It can enhance the survival of a species even though some individuals do not immediately benefit or reproduce. Cooperative breeding is a type of cooperation where a group works...
Over the last 50 years, fish consumption has been increasing at a rate of approximately 3.2% per year (FAO, 2018). To meet this demand for affordable protein, aquaculture i.e. fish farming, is touted as...
Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic that result from the breakdown of consumer and industrial products (Figure 1) such as Styrofoam coffee cups, plastic grocery bags, exfoliants and clothing. These particles accumulate in waterbodies...
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are overabundant colonies of algae (simple aquatic plants) that have negative impacts on fisheries and humans. Algae thrive in warm, stagnant conditions with high nutrient availability (particularly phosphorus), so HABs...
Salmon runs occur when adult salmon migrate from the open ocean and swim up freshwater rivers to spawn (Figure 1). Amazingly, most salmon return to the same natal rivers where they were born, a...
